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Sciences 
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23  WIST  MAM  STRUT 

WnSTIR,N.Y.  USM 

(716)  •72-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVi/iCIVIH 
Collection  de 
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Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  Microreproductlont  /  Inttitut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  historiquas 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tachniques  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
tha  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


rr^  Coloured  covers/ 
j^i    Couverture  de  couleur 


D 
D 
D 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagda 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  at/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I — I   Coloured  maps/ 


D 


Cartas  g^ographiquas  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I — I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  la  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainas  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
iors  d'une  restauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxte, 
mais.  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  At6  filmtes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmantairas: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  ie  meilleur  exemplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  AtA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thoda  normala  de  filmage 
sont  indiqufo  ci-dessous. 


p~|   Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 


□   Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  pellicultos 

□   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^coiortes,  tachettos  ou  piqutes 

□   Pages  detached/ 
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Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  matarif 
Comprend  du  material  supplAmantaira 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I  Showthrough/ 

I — I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiallement 
obscurcies  par  un  fauillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  tti  filmtes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

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22X 

26X 

30X 

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12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

■ 

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The  copy  filmed  here  hes  been  reproduced  thanks 
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The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
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Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -*>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

IVIaps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  flimA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArositA  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Las  images  suivantes  ont  M  reprodultes  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  fiimA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  ies  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Lea  exemplaires  orlginaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  ImprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  ies  autres  exemplaires 
orlginaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
pramlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaalon  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dea  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  le  aymbole  — ►  signlfie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  ▼  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  i  dee  taux  de  rMuction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  film*  A  partir 
de  I'angle  sup4rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  h  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessalre.  Les  dlagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  methods. 


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EDITORS  OF  ZOOLOqjCAL  PUBLICATIONS. 
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PROOBBDINOS 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES. 


Third  Series. 


Zoology. 


Vol.  I,  No.  9. 


The    Gordiacea   of    Certain  American 

Collections,  with  Particular  Reference 

to  the  North  American  Fauna. 


II. 


BY 


THOMAS   H.    MONTGOMERY,   JR.,    PH.D., 

Lttturtr  in  Zatlagy,  Viiiotrtify  tf  Ptmuyhmnia. 


With  Two  Platbs. 


Issued  October  t»,  1898. 


SAN  FRANCISCO: 

PUBLUHBD  BY  THB  ACADBHV. 
189& 


V. 


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THE     GORDIACEA     OF      CERTAIN    AMERICAN 
COLLECTIONS,    WITH    PARTICULAR    REF- 
ERENCE TO  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN 

FAUNA.— II.  * 

BY   THOMAS    H.  MONTGOMERY,   JR.,  PH.  D., 
Ltclmrtr  im  Zt«Ugr>  Univmitf  »f  Puuuylvanm, 


Plates  XIX  and  XX. 

The  present  paper  deals  with  Gordiacea,  principally  of 
California,  and  with  a  few  specimens  from  neighboring 
regions  (Baja  California,  Arizona,  Nevada,  and  Mexico). 
The  fauna  of  California  has  been  heretofore  but  little 
known,  so  that  the  comparatively  large  number  of  speci- 
mens from  that  locality  which  have  been  offered  to  me  for 
study  have  a  special  interest.  In  a  previous  contribution  * 
Gordiacea  were  described  by  me  from  other  portions  of 
North  America. 

The  following  collections  are  herein  described :  that  of 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco;  of 
the  University  of  California;  and  of  Stanford  Uni- 
versity, California.  For  the  opportunity  to  study  these  col- 
lections, my  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  Gustav  Eisen  of  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  to  Prof.  Henry  B. 
Ward  of  the  University  of  Nebraska. 

Appended  to  this  paper  is  a  Key  for  the  determination  of 
the  species  of  Gordiacea  on  the  North  American  continent, 
north  of  Mexico.  While  this  key  may  serve  to  determine 
with  rapidity  certain  species,  it  must  be  noted  that  some  of 
them,  and  particularly  the  females  of  Gordius  and  Chor- 
dodes,  can  only  be  satisfactorily  determined  by  means  of 
sections  and  of  portions  of  the  cuticle  cleared  in  glycerine 
or  some  clearing  oil  (I  am  accustomed  to  clear  them  in 
cedar  oil,  after  dehydration,  and  to  study  them  mounted  in 
Canada  bakam).     For  descriptions  of  species  which  are 


I  BvU.  Mm.  Conpar.  ZooL,  Uarrard  Univenity,  April,  i8g8. 

L333J 


Oct.  1, 1898. 


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334 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  Of  SCIENCES.       [Proc.  3D  Sbh. 


here  mentioned  only  briefly,  the  reader  is  referred  to  my 
previous  paper,  1.  c.  In  this  Key  the  females  of  Gordius 
aquaticus  difficilis,  G.  longareolatus,  n.  sp.,  Chordodes  puer- 
ilis,  and  the  male  of  C.  morgani  find  a  place,  though  I  have 
seen  only  the  males  of  the  first  three  mentioned,  and  the 
female  of  the  last;  this  was  done  with  the  assumption  that 
the  cuticular  characters  of  the  two  sexes  are  similar  in 
these  forms. 

It  is   here  shown  that  Chordodes  gordioides  Montg.  is 
identical  with  C.  occidentalis  Montg. 

z.    Gordius  longareolatus,  sp.  nov. 

Type.—Qo^.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.:  i  <S ,  San  Francisco,  Cal,  Sept.  10,  1896. 

/bTM.— Of  equal  diameter  in  its  whole  length,  nearly  cylindrical,  with  faint 
median  grooves.  Head  end  (fig.  i)  conically  rounded,  the  tip  slightly  con- 
stricted off,  mouth  ventral  (on  the  ventral  side  of  the  white  tip  of  the  head). 
Tail  lobes  (figs,  i,  3)  short,  thick,  nearly  parallel,  terminally  rounded.  Their 
point  of  bifurcation  (on  the  ventral  surface)  is  at  a  distance  from  the  oval 
cloacal  aperture  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  lobes.  Each  lobe  is  approx- 
imately cylindrical,  except  on  its  median  surface  which  is  concave ;  this  con- 
cavity is  deepest  nearest  the  posterior  end  of  the  lobes  and  is  bounded  by  a 
sharp  line.  The  cloacal  aperture  is  situated  upon  a  slightly  elevated  papilla ; 
firom  this  papilla  to  the  point  of  bifurcation  of  the  tail  lobes  extends  a  deep 
groove(  deepest  caudad).  The  area  around  the  cloacal  aperture,  and  extend- 
ing caudad  to  about  the  point  of  bifurcation  of  the  tail  lobes,  is  covered  with 
numerous,  minute,  conical  spines. 

C»/tV^.— With  elevated  areoles  of  elongate  form,  their  longitudinal  axes 
parallel  to  that  of  the  body  (fig.  4).  The  areoles  do  not  produce  particular 
longitudinal  rows,  though  everywhere  the  spaces  which  separate  them  are 
about  equal  in  length.  They  are  darker  than  the  intermediate  portions  of 
the  cuticle.  Most  of  them  are  several  times  longer  than  broad,  with  nearly 
parallel  margins ;  a  smaller  number  are  shorter  and  thicker,  but  even  these 
are  somewhat  elongate.  On  cross  section  of  the  body  (fig.  5)  the  areoles  are 
seen  to  be  hyaline  and  homogeneous,  their  darker,  denser  bases  sunk  into 
the  surface  of  the  fibrous  cuticle.  On  section  they  show  a  rounded-conical 
form,  without  any  median  groove.  No  hairs  lie  between  the  areoles,  but 
wklely  separated  from  one  another  are  found  a  few  hyaline,  finger-shaped 
processes,  of  slightly  greater  elevation  than  the  areoles ;  such  processes  have 
heretofore  been  noticed  by  me  only  in  the  genus  Chordodes. 

Coftw.— Deep  olive  brown,  slightly  iridescent ;  the  tip  of  the  head  white. 

iMfNtfiwibfU.— Length,  115  mm.;  greatest  diameter,  0.5  mm. 


«^ 


'«^ 


,^»«». 


ZooL.— Vol.  i.] 


MONTGOMER  Y—COKPIACEA. 


335 


Comparison. — The  only  other  Gordiacea  with  longitudi- 
nally arranged  elongate  areoles  are  G.  raphaelis,  alfredi, 
and  latastei  oi  Camerano,  and  G,  abbreviatus  ViWoV,  but 
all  of  these  differ  from  G.  longareolatus  in  having  the 
areoles  longitudinally  grooved. 

a.    Gordius  aquaticns  Linn, 

CoU.  Cat.  Acad.  Sci.:  2  i  i ,  City  of  Mexico;  2  S  6 ,  Berkeley,  Cal.,  winter 
of  1891.    Coll.  Univ.  of  Cal.:  i ,  Berkeley,  Cal.,  January,  1895. 

These  are  the  only  specimens  as  yet  seen  by  me  of  the 
true  aguaticus  from  North  America ;  in  all  of  them  the  white 
spots  (figs.  13,  14)  are  clearly  marked  on  the  surface  of 
the  cuticle  and  may  be  seen  with  a  low-power  hand  lens. 

3.    Gordius  tquatictts  robustus  {Leidy.) 

Coll.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci. :  $ ,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  $ ,  Berkeley,  Cal.    Coll.  Univ. 
Cal.:  9,  Berkeley,  Cal.,  January,  1895. 

The  largest  specimen  measured  590  mm. 

This  is  the  form,  corresponding  to  G.  robustus  Leidy, 
which  has  been  regarded  by  me  (1.  c.)  as  a  mere  variety 
of  the  preceding,  from  which  it  differs  merely  in  the  absence 
of  the  white  cuticular  spots.  In  the  true  European  aguati- 
cus the  white  spots  are  present  in  most  individuals,  accord- 
ing to  the  description  of  Rdmer';  while  in  specimens  of 
robustus  from  the  eastern  United  States  (from  Kansas  east- 
ward) I  have  never  found  these  spots,  though  I  have  studied 
one  or  two  hundred  specimens.  Westward  of  California 
occurs  the  true  aguaticus,  eastward  the  aguaticus  robustus, 
while  in  California  the  two  appear  to  overlap.  If  white- 
spotted  specimens  be  subsequently  found  in  any  number 
from  the  eastern  United  States,  then  aguaticus  robustus  can 
no  longer  be  retained  as  a  separate  subspecies ;  but  with 
the  facts  at  hand  we  are  justified  in  assigning  it  that 
position. 

>  Beitrag  car  SyttematUc  dcr  Gordiiden  Abh.  ScckcnberK.  Om.,  Bd;  XXin,  1896. 


i!ifij).i|l!l|llWtt*H«ll>W«W!aW«lll»'!H.I 


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336 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES.       [P«OC.  3D  Sbk. 


4.    Gorditts  densareolatns  Montg. 

Coll.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci. :   i ,  Lake,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

The  posterior  end  of  this  specimen  was  as  in  the  type 
(cf.  Montgomery,  1.  c),  except  that  there  was  only  a  slight 
precloacal  groove. 

In  my  first  description  of  this  species  (1.  c.)  the  cuticle 
of  the  female  only  was  described.  I  have  since  re-examined 
the  type  of  the  male  (Montana,  Leidy  coll.,  No.  5063)  and 
find  the  cuticle  in  general  like  that  of  the  female,  except 
that  the  areoles  show  less  tendency  to  confluence  and  are 
more  rounded  in  outline. 


>»>^ 


5.    Paragordins  yarius  {Leidy.) 

Coll.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.:  3  J  J ,  3  v  $,  San  Jos^  del  Cabo,  Baja  Cal.,  July, 
1896;  $,  St.  Helena,  Napa  Co.,  Cal.  Coll.  Stanford  Univ.,  collected  by 
C.  H.  Gilbert:  5  $  $,  Napa  Creek,  Calistoga,  Napa  Co.,  Cal.,  May  31, 

1897. 

This  appears  to  have  the  broadest  range  of  any  North 
American  species,  extending  completely  across  the  conti- 
nent, and,  according  to  Camerano,  into  South  America. 

In  the  females  the  tail  lobes  may  be  either  parallel  or 
divergent,  so  that  they  are  probably  opened  and  closed  by 
muscular  action ;  while  in  the  males  of  this  genus  and  of 
Gordius  these  lobes  appear  to  be  to  great  extent  independ- 
ent of  such  action. 

6.    Chordodes  occidentalis  Montg. 

Coll.  Univ.  Cal. :  4  ,  $,  Berkeley,  Cal.  Coll.  Stanford  Univ.,  collected  by 
C.  H.  Gilbert:'  it3  S  J.  43  $  $,  Napa  Creek,  Calistoga,  Napa  Co.,  Cal.. 
May  31,  1897.  Coll.  Cal.  Acad.  Sd. :  2  $  ?,  i  4  ,  Haywards,  Alameda 
Co.,  Cal.;  I  $,  Alameda  Co.,  Cal.;  2  4  S  ,  2  $  $.  Santa  Rosa  Isl.,  Cal.; 
4  $  $,  Sierra  el  Taste,  Baja  Cal.;  i  ?,  St.  Helena,  Napa  Co.,  Cal.;  1  ? 
Kings  River,  Fresno  Co.,  Cal.;  i  S ,  Lime  Point,  Marin  Co.,  CaL;  i  S, 
San  Miguel  de  Comondu,  Baja  Cal.;  i  $,5  i  i  ,  locality  not  marked,  but 
probably  fi-om  California ;  i  $ ,  Batde  Mountain,  Nevada. 

A  careful  examination  of  this  large  number  of  specimens 
shows  that  the  Chordodes  gordloides  Montg.  of  my  preced- 
ing paper  was  based  upon  immature  specimens  of  C.  occi- 
dentalis Montg.,  so  that  gordioides  is  not  a  tenable  species. 


tmmmmmm 


TE?r 


•vmijfffi-x.r,  'raawwwWi 


ZooL.— Vol.  i.] 


MONTGOMER  Y—GORD/ACEA. 


337 


^m^ 


Owing  to  the  great  amount  of  individual  variation  afforded 
by  these  specimens  from  California  (123  ^  j>55  9  ^  ,)  ^ 
description  of  them  is  necessary,  and  this  description  may 
be  compared  with  that  of  occidentalis  and  ^*  gordioides*^ 
given  in  my  preceding  contribution. 

Form.—Th&  form  of  the  male  has  already  been  described  and  figured,  so 
that  it  is  only  necessary  to  note  that  the  anterior  portion  of  the  body  is  the 
most  slender,  the  head  (fig.  10)  pointed,  and  the  body  either  cylindrical  or 
flattened  (depending  upon  the  state  of  development  of  the  genital  products). 
The  females  resemble  the  males  in  general  form,  and  in  them  also  the  ante- 
rior portion  (fig.  6)  is  the  most  slender,  they  are  stouter  than  the  males ;  the 
posterior  end  (figs.  9,  13)  is  enlarged  and  more  or  less  knob-shaped  as  in  all 
females  of  this  genus ;  seen  from  the  ventral  surface  (fig.  23)  this  posterior 
end  appears  disc-shaped,  with  the  cloacal  aperture  in  its  centre. 

C»/i<r/^.— Thirty-two  specimens  were  examined,  cleared  in  cedar  oil,  and 
transverse  sections  were  made  of  twenty-four  of  them.  These  preparations, 
with  those  which  formed  the  basis  of  my  previous  descriptions,  show  how 
variable  the  configuration  of  the  cuticle  is  in  this  form,  and  present  all  inter- 
mediate phases  between  the  figs.  115-117,  PI.  XV,  of  C.  occidentalis  of  my 
previous  description,  and  figs.  jo6,  107,  PI.  XIII,  1.  c,  of  C.  '■^ gordioidei" 
and  leave  no  doubt  that  the  latter  is  only  the  young  of  the  preceding. 

On  surface  view  the  areoles  may  be  irregularly  polygonal  and  well  sepa- 
rated from  one  another,  or  they  may  be  elongate  and  confluent  so  as  to  pro- 
duce transverse  rows  (figs.  7,  13-30).  The  areoles  of  the  same  individual 
may  be  all  of  the  same  color,  which  appears  to  be  usually  the  case,  or  groups 
(of  a  few  each)  of  larger  areoles  may  be  darker  than  the  others  (fig.  18).  The 
cuticle  of  one  specimen  had  the  appearance  of  that  of  Gordius  pUskei  Camer. , 
owing  to  the  incrustation  of  minute  dirt  particles  between  the  areoles  (fig.  13). 
Small,  refractive,  circular  or  oval  pits  occur  in  varying  number  on  the  cuticle ; 
they  lie  for  the  main  part  between  areoles,  sometimes  on  their  surfaces ;  their 
most  fi^uent  mode  of  occurrence  is  between  two  areoles  which  together 
present  a  dumb-bell  shape ;  their  number  varies  greatly,  and  they  are  found 
either  singly,  in  pairs,  or  in  threes  (figs.  7,  15-20). 

On  transverse  section  (figs.  8,  11,  31,  33)  the  areoles  are  usually  of  the 
same  height  but  varying  diameter  in  the  same  individual,  but  are  never  as 
high  as  long,  though  in  the  males  they  are  usually  higher  than  in  the  females ; 
they  are  either  close  together  or  well  separated.  In  a  few  specimens,  as  in 
the  type  first  figured,  tower  areoles  with  irregularly  serrated  summits  lie 
between  the  higher  ones,  but  such  a  relation  was  found  in  only  three  or  four 
cases.  Between  the  areoles,  occurring  only  at  wide  distances,  are  delicate 
finger-shaped  or  clut>-shaped  hyaline  processes,  of  greater  height  than  the 
areoles.  In  a  few  specimens  were  noticed  hyaline  processes  of  a  stcdt  coni- 
cal form,  sunk  into  the  summits  of  certain  of  the  areoles  (fig.  23).  In  some 
males  a  cupn^haped  depression  occurs  on  the  summits  of  a  few  of  the  areoles. 

The  circular  or  oval  pits  seen  on  sur&ce  views  are  found  on  section  (fig.  8) 
to  represent  structures,  the  like  of  which  has  not  yet  been  described  for  any 
Gordiacean ;  they  were  overlooked  in  my  description  of  the  type  spedmen, 


i«^^':j'-,yi^y!i^^i'i-^"''"  •'  "•"'•"* 'i--^^ssiur 


~^:**.»ii(i 


'flf«*i^i*'"  ■■^■.'- 


mmn 


■-mim»mmi!i^^ 


yWJtiyti»jU|WiJi!fP|^^ 


338 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES.       [Proc.  30  Ssm. 


owing  to  their  paucity  in  that  individual,  but  I  have  found  them  on  re-exam- 
ination. They  were  largest  and  most  abundant  in  a  large  female,  and  appeared 
to  be  absent  in  only  three  specimens.  Each  pit  has  the  form  of  a  sack  of 
spherical  or  ovoid  shape  (some  are  flattened  parallel  to  the  surfece  of  the  cuti- 
cle), with  an  exterior  opening  on  the  surface  of  the  cuticle ;  the  length  of 
these  sacks  varies  from  about  one-fourth  to  two-fifths  the  diameter  of  the 
cuticle.  On  section  it  would  appear  that  almost  all  of  them  lie  between 
arcoles,  sunk  into  the  fibrous  cuticle,  though  on  sur&ce  view  they  frequently 
seem  to  lie  on  the  summits  of  areoles.  The  outline  of  each  pit  is  rounded 
and  sharply  demarcated,  though  no  special  limiting  membrane  appears  to  be 
present.  In  each  lie  two  (rarely  three)  refractive  spines,  which  are  usually 
sitiuted  vertical  to  the  siuiace  of  the  cuticle,  but  in  some  cases  parallel  to  it. 
Each  spine  is  somewhat  rod-shaped,  thickest  basally,  the  base  obtusely 
rounded  and  usually  in  close  contact  with  the  wall  of  the  pit.  At  its  distal 
end  each  spine  has  a  short,  pointed  process  which  projects  out  of  the  narrow 
opening  of  the  pit ;  the  longitudinal  axis  of  this  pointed  portion  does  not 
always  coincide  with  that  of  the  basal  portion.  Thus  these  spines  are  some- 
what similar  in  form  to  the  central  stilets  (with  their  bases)  of  the  Metane- 
mertean  proboscis. 

Color. — The  males  vary  from  a  light  yellowish,  through  rufous  or  chocolate 
or  olive-brown,  to  a  nearly  pitch  black  color,  smaller  individuals  being  usually 
but  not  always  lighter  than  larger  ones.  In  most  of  them  the  anterior  portion 
of  the  body  is  lighter  than  the  posterior ;  the  head  is  lightest  in  color,  very 
frequendy  yellowish  white,  while  the  rest  of  the  body  is  chocolate-brown. 
Just  behind  the  light,  head  portion  is  usually  a  more  or  less  pronounced  dark 
neck  ring,  which  is  seldom  wholly  absent.  The  females  averse  much 
lighter  in  color  than  the  males,  and  are  usually  a  yellowish  or  yellowish 
brown  color ;  a  few  are  a  dark  olive-brown,  but  none  are  black.  In  them, 
too,  there  is  usually  a  darker  neck  ring,  and  often  a  brownish  area  around 
the  doacal  aperture.  In  both  sexes  the  mouth  aperture  is  usually  marked 
by  a  small  black  spot,  easily  seen  with  a  hand  lens :  thus  of  the  154  individ- 
uals collected  on  the  same  day  at  the  same  locality  (coU.  Stanford  University), 
96  males  showed  this  spot,  15  males  were  without  it,  and  in  a  males  die 
whole  head  was  black ;  and  all  the  43  females  showed  the  spot.  The  black 
mouth  spot  would  thus  appear  to  be  pretty  constant  (though  it  was  absent 
in  the  type  specimens  of  this  species). 

DinuHSums.—\MC%<eiA  male,  460  mm.;  largest  female,  420  mm. 

Comparison. — C.  gordioides  Montg.  becomes  a  synonym 
of  this  species.  This  species  differs  from  C.  bedriaga  and 
C.  fardalis  Camer. ,  to  which  the  configuration  of  its  cuti- 
cle appears  to  be  otherwise  quite  similar,  in  the  presence 
of  the  remarkable  cuticular  pits,  the  structure  of  which, 
however,  can  only  be  determined  by  sections.  Such  pits 
have  never  heretofore  been  described :  but  clear,  rounded 
cavities  situated  just  below  tubercles  or  aeroles  of  the  cuticle 


'Sa  r** 


■-^    »- 


iMHMiMM 


ZooL.— Vol.  1.] 


MONTGOMER  Y—  GORDIA  CEA. 


339 


'  S*  !** 


would  seem  to  be  frequent  in  Chordodes,  at  least  I  find 
them  in  my  species  of  C.  morgani,  C.  puerilis,  and  C.  albi- 
barbatus,  though  not  in  C.furnessi. 

General  diagnostic  characters. — The  union  of  the  follow- 
ing characters  serves  to  distinguish  this  from  any  other 
North  American  form:  the  low  aeroles  with  the  remark- 
able interareolar  pits,  the  attenuation  of  the  anterior  portion 
of  the  body,  and  the  black  mouth  spot.  The  females  of 
this  species  may  easily  be  mistaken  for  females  of  G.  den- 
sareolatus  Montg.,  since  in  some  specimens  of  the  former 
the  interareolar  pits  may  be  very  few  in  number  (or  entirely 
wanting  ?).  But  the  form  of  the  posterior  end  is  a  good 
distinguishing  character :  in  the  female  of  C.  occidentalis  it 
is  enlarged — somewhat  knob-shaped,  while  in  the  female 
of  G.  densareolatus  it  is  not  of  greater  size  than  the  preced- 
ing portion  of  the  body ;  there  is  at  least  no  difficulty  in 
distinguishing  them  when  one  has  a  series  of  specimens  of 
both  before  him. 


■^  ►• 


Key   to   the   Species   of   Gordiacea  of  the  North 
American  Continent,  North  of  Mexico. 

I.  Posterior  end  trilobed Paragordius  varius  (Lbidy),  $ . 

II.  Posterior  end  bilobed,  spirally  inrolled..(/)iraj'<wdrfW  and  Gordius,  i  6), 

A.  A  sharp,  V-shaped  cuticular  ridge  behind  the  cloacal  aperture. 

a.  The  cuticle  dotted  with  viWX&si^Xs.. Gordius aguaticus  Linn.,  i  . 

b.  The  cuticle  not  dotted  with  white  spots. 

1.  A  parabolic  line  of  hairs  on  the  tail  lobes. 

G.  a.  difficilis  Montg.,  i . 

2.  No  line  of  hairs  on  the  tail  lobes  ..G,  a.  robustus  (Lbidy),  i . 

B.  No  sharp,  V-shaped  cuticular  ridge  behind  the  cloacal  aperture. 

a,  A  iongitudhial  line  of  long  hairs  on  each  side  of  the  cloacal 

aperture ..G.  lineatus  Leidy,  i  . 

b.  No  line  of  long  hairs  on  each  side  of  the  cloacal  aperture. 

1.  Head  end  obliquely  truncated. 

Paragordius  varius  (Lbidy),  i  . 

2.  Head  end  not  obliquely  truncated. 

a.  Conical  spicules  behind  the  cloacal  aperture. 
I.  Tail  lobes  short,  nearly  conical. 

Gordius  densareolatus  Montg.,  i . 
3.  Tail  lobes  neariy  cylindrical. 

G.  longareolatustllovriG.,  i . 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES.       [P»oc.  3D  Sbr. 


*.  No  conical  spicules  behind  the  cloacal  aperture. 

G.  pla/ycepAalus  MouTG.,  S. 
Posterior  end  not  lobed,  spirally  inroUed,  with  a  depression  or 
groove  on  its  ventral  surface,  narrower  than  preceding  portion 
of  body (Chordodes,  S  i). 

A.  Cuticular  areoles  longer  than  high,  on  and  between  them  small 

circular  pits Chordodes  occidentalis  Montg.,  <J  . 

B.  Cuticular  areoles  higher  than  long. 

a.  Spines  on  the  summits  of  the  highest  papillae. 

C.  pueritis  Montg.,  .5 . 

b.  No  spines  on  the  summits  of  the  highest  papilke. 

C.  morgani  Montg.,  i  . 

.    Posterior  end  not  lobed,  not  spirally  inroUed. 

A.  Posterior  end  not  noticeably  enlarged (Gordius,  ?  ? ). 

a.  With  elevated  cuticular  areoles  on  the  whole  sur&ce  of  the 
body. 
I.  With  paired  dark  stripes  in  the  median  lines. 

Gordius  leidyi  Montg.,  ? . 
a.  No  dark  stripes  in  the  median  lines. 

Areoles  elongated  in  the  long  axis  of  the  body,  well 

separated G.  longareolatus  Montg.,  ? . 

*.  Areoles  not  elongated  in  the  long  axis  of  the  body. 
1.  Areoles  closely  apposed,  tending  to  produce 

longitudinal  ridges G.  lineatus  Lbidv.  ? . 

a.  Areoles  more  or  less  confluent,  tending  to  pro- 
duce transverse  rows,  head  usuaJly  cylin- 
drical   G.  densareolaitts  Montg.,  ? . 

3.  Areoles  usually  separated,  interareolar  groups 
of  fine  hairs,  head  usually  flattened. 

G.  platycephtUus  Montg.,  $. 
*.  Without  elevated  cuticular  areoles  on  the  whole  surface  of  the 
body. 
I.  No  cuticular  areoles. 

a.  Cuticle  dotted  with  white  spots.  .C  aquaticus  Linn.,  ?. 
*.  Cuticle  without  white  spots.  ..G.  a.  robuslus  (Lbidy),  ? . 
a.  Cuticular  areoles  at  the  ends  of  the  body  only. 

G.  a.  difficilis  Montg.,  $ . 
Posterior  end   swollen,  somewhat  knob-shaped,  slightly  con- 
stricted off.. (Chordodes,  ?  ?). 

Cuticular  areoles  longer  than  high,  on  and  between  them 

small  circular  pits Chordodes  occidentalis,  Montg.,  $ . 

Cuticular  areoles  higher  than  long. 
I.  Spines  on  the  summits  of  the  highest  areoles. 

C.  puerilis  Montg.,  $ . 
a.  No  spines  on  the  summits  of  the  highest  areoles. 

C.  morgani  Montg.,  9 . 

Wistar  Institute  of  Anatomy, 

Philadblphia,  Pbnnsvlvania., 
June  ao,  1898. 


W 


•'*■»- 


liiiiiii 


342  CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES.       [P«oc.  30  8b». 


l:i 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XIX. 

(All  the  outlines  were  drawn  with  the  aid  of  the  camera  ludda  and  a  Zete 
microscope  and  lenses.  The  cuticle  is  represented  as  seen  in  Canada  bal- 
sam, after  clearance  in  cedar  oil.) 

Gordius  lot^areolatus,  sp.  nov.,  type.    Head  end  (otq.  A,  oc.  a). 

Idem.    Ventral  view  ofposterior  end  (idem). 

Idem.    Lateral  view  of  the  posterior  end,  the  ventral  side  to  the 

left  (idem).  ^       .      ^u   v       t 

Idem.    Surface  view  of  the  cuUde,  the  arrow  denoting  the  hne  ot 

the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  body  (obj .  C,  oc.  4)- 
Idem.    Transverse  section  of  the  cuticle  (homog.  immers.  i/ia, 

OC    2) 

Chordodes  occidentalis  Monto.,  dorsal  view  of  the  head  of  a  female 
(obj.  A,  oc.  2). 

Idem.    Surface  view  of  the  cuticle  (obj.  C,  oc.  4). 

Idem.    Transverse  section  of  tiie  cuticle  (homog.  immers.  1/12,  oc. 
4,  tube  lengtii  j8o  mm.).  .    .j    .    »u 

Idem.  Lateral  view  of  the  posterior  end,  the  ventral  side  to  the 
right  (obj.  A,  oc.  a).  ,  ^.    x.    a 

Chordodes  occidentalis  Montg.,  male.  Lateral  view  of  the  head 
end  (obj.  A,  oc.  2).  . 

Idem.  Transverse  section  of  tiie  cuticle ;  in  tins  figure,  as  in  the 
following,  dirt  granules  are  imbedded  between  the  areoles 
(homog.  immers.  1/12,  oc.  2). 

Idem.    Surface  view  of  the  cuticle  (otg.  C,  oc.  2). 

Gordius  aquaticus  Linn.,  male  from  Berkeley,  California.  Sur- 
face view  of  the  cuticle ;  the  intersecting  clear  lines  transverse 
the  white  spots  (obg.  C,  oc.  2).  ^ 

Idem.  Surface  view  of  tiie  body,  as  seen  witii  low  na^ification 
(obj.  A,  oc.  2),  to  show  tiie  arrangement  of  the  white  spots. 
The  continuous  lines  represent  the  outiines  of  the  body,  the 
dotted  lines  the  area  to  which  the  drawing  was  limited. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 

I. 
2. 

3- 

Fig. 

4- 

Fig. 

5- 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 
Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9- 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

II. 

Fig. 
Fig. 

12. 
13- 

Fig.  14 


-.H 


•?"?^ 


PRnr„nALAcAiJ,-5cT,3°5EP.Znai,VDi,l 


fM'i:!T:''3^'H':]  PIjATE  XIX. 


1. 


7. 


9. 


\^ 


10. 

MowrcauEiv.ila.. 


S. 


v_/ 


4. 


5. 


6. 


11. 


■  •■.'Htlf.' 


m 


13. 


^^^. 


^..A     V--  — »•■■    ■■■>>...-■■-' 


t:---' 


12. 


0 


0 


..0..- 


14. 


LlTFU-wmnK  5  tthV,  a.i 


344 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES.       [Piioc.  3D  Skr. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XX. 
All  figures  refer  to  Califomian  specimens  of  Chordodes  occidentalis  Montg. 

Figs.  15-30.  Surface  views  of  the  cuticle  of  different  individuals,  fig.  20  from 
a  female,  the  others  from  males  (obj.  C,  oc.  4). 

Figs.  21,  33.  Transverse  sections  of  the  cuticle  of  a  male  and  a  female 
(homog.  immers.  i/i3,  oc.  3). 

Fig.  33.    Female,  ventral  view  of  the  posterior  end  (obj.  A,  oc.  a). 


r 


0ljK)!Miniiai«<»A^^M'<nk'  T 


M 


^>  ^ 


;a::.Sci.3°5i;r.Zi].i;.V::,I, 


21. 


Mam-aaMEiTf.  Hel. 


23. 


[MoNTQDMEm'!  P: 


22. 


ins  aiUTTDN « HEY.  S.F. 


■nilililiii 


1 


i'l 


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•WMWMmWHMnMKMa 


iiillM'WII  IIWIIili  ^HWII 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  ACADEMY. 

Continued. 


w 


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lections, with  particular  reference  to  the  North   American 

Fauna.— II.    By  Thomas  H.  Montgomery  Jr.,  Ph.  D... 25 

Zoology,  Vol.  I,  No.  10— Observations  on  Monogenesis  m  Metndium. 

By  Harry  Beal  Torrey ;:,••••  v;":v.';Vj"n"      ''* 

Geology,  Vol.  I,  No.  i— The  Geology  of  Santa  Catalina  Island.    By 

William  Sidney  Tanper  Smith.. ...................  •.•.•..•      -SP 

Geology,  Vol.  I,  No.  2-The  Submerged  VaHeys  of  the  Coast  of  C^i- 
fomia,  U.  S.  A.,  and  of  Lower  California,  Mexico.     By 

George  Davidson V  >,,•  •  V-" J '  :i: "      *  *° 

Geology.  Vol.  I,  No.  3— The  Development  of  Glyphioceras  and  the 

Phytogeny  of  the  Glyphioceratidae.    By  James  Pemn  Smith .      .  35 
Geology,  Vol.  1,  No.  4— The  Development  of  L,ytoceras  and  Phyl- 

loceras.    By  James  Perrin  Smith .  ••••••••  V/  : V  V   '  •       "'* 

Botany.  Vol.  I,  No.  1— A  Morpholc^ical  Study  of  Naias  and  Zanni- 

chellia.   By  Douglas  Houghton  Campbell........ ...... ....     100 

Botany,  Vol.  I,  No.  2— Studies  in  the  Herbarium  and  the  Field. —No.  i. 

By  Alice  Eastwood •.••••;••••   vv*  v;.".V"v; '"'        *^ 

Botany,  Vol.  I.  No.  3— Studies  in  the  Herbarium  and  the  Field.— No.  2. 

By  Alice  Eastwood .*•   •  ,;-A  •;;:■    o  " "  V"       '^ 

Botany.  Vol.  I.  No.  4— Phycological  Memoirs.   By  De  Alton  Saunders.       .75 
Mathematical-Physical,  Vol.  I.  No.  i-On  Rational  QuadraUc  Trans-  -j 

formations.    By  M.  W.  Haskell . .... 

Mathematical-Physical.  Vol.  I.   No.  2— The  Quadratic  Cremona  I       , 

Transformation.    By  Leonard  E.  Dickson. ( 

Mathematical-Physical,  Vol.  1,  No.  3-On  Curvihnear  Asymptotes. 

By  M.W.Haskell .- Ve-"  V  ^" a 

Mathematical-Physical,  Vol.  I,  No.  4r-Systems  of  Simple  Grouos  de- 

rived  from  tiie  Orthogonal  Group.     By  Leonard  E.  Dickson..      .25 

AlLsubscriptions,  applications  for  exchanges,  and  inquiries  concerning  the 
publications  should  be  addressed  to 

J.  O'B.  GUNN. 

Corresponding  Secretary, 
California  Academy  of  Sciences, 
'      San  Francisco,  California. 


,1 


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uiX-'-iii .~~^  -i..,;.;. 


